ClickOnce: The directory name is invalid

Just had this issue after deleting the local application files from a ClickOnce-deployed application. The application would not update or start.

ERROR SUMMARY
Below is a summary of the errors, details of these errors are listed later in the log.
* Activation of https://qat.unvienna.org/APGUI-Global/APGAssignmentPro.application?ticket=87E653CC3B6235E1223144B171B4D17742B2DE7C2FD431ED56F2113BB77C694906107D95973A7731FB307B1C967CA8C71043FC3E0FD3EC191B53E9D2D07E4ACBB1D5EDE5ADF266215710F392A2889362AF3A6326DD63F52659923174E8E774FE793C69DFCEF57506C0D62A9E8011EE48B9506616&Location=Vienna resulted in exception. Following failure messages were detected:
+ The directory name is invalid. (Exception from HRESULT: 0x8007010B)

Fortunately, the solution is simple. Delete all the files and directories from the Apps directory, where ClickOnce applications are stored.

Reference: Missing Local Files (link)